Individual Culture Versus Society Culture Essay - 904 Words

Although living in a multicultural society might bring disadvantages like isolation and racial judgements, the benefits are more powerful resulting in an adapting society where individuals are free to live any culture. When an individual has a culture than the prevailing society they can be affected in either a positive way or a negative way. There have been in many instances were people change their culture due to joining the societies culture and others just use the culture for benefits like in Mukherjees essay. In other occasions individuals have been exposed to racism due to them being from another culture that does not accommodate to their society. With all these diverse cultures in America individuals should respect every persons†¦show more content†¦One of the worst things that can occur to an individual is to commit suicide because the society that the individual lives in does not approve of his/her culture. When I was in middle school I had a friend that was Mexican and had barely arrived to America and did not have any knowledge of the English language. He was called names by others, as well as being bullied because he did not know English and that mad me angry to think that he was just arriving and people already showed hate towards him just because he was not from the United States. After some time he left, no one knows where, if to another school or back to his native country which made me reflect that I should never make fun anyone from another culture because they come to succeed not be bullied. Culture is important and if there is someone who is from another culture and not from the main societies culture they should be treated the same as everyone else because he is a human being just like them. When an individual is from a culture that is not from the dominating society there are many advantages to this. You have the chance to get to know others from the other culture, therefore learning their religion, cooking, styles, and lots more. Learning from others is cool but as you learn about the other culture you should introduce your culture and show others your learning style. Learning the language is a good skill because that way there wont be be a hard timeShow MoreRelatedCulture Is Not Born Without Society Essay1396 Words   |  6 PagesINTRODUCTION A culture is not born without a society. A society describes a group of people who occupy a particular territory, thus through this interaction a culture is born. Therefore, culture is a group worldview; it is the way a particular society makes sense of themselves, their world and their experiences in that world. Moreover, a culture describes a set of behaviors that characterize or distinguish a set of people; therefore at the core, culture constitutes of beliefs, values and cultures. AdditionallyRead MoreCultural Values And Social Values1439 Words   |  6 PagesCulture plays a key role in individual motivation. Culture is defined as, â€Å"†¦values, attitudes, meanings (attributed to language), beliefs, and ways of acting and interacting that are learned and shared by a group of people over a period of history and are often taken for granted as reality by those within the ‘said’ culture† (Glazer, 2002, p. 146). If culture defines our values and beliefs, then culture influences our cognitive representations of needs, in turn affecting how individuals perceiveRead MoreHofstede Model Of National Culture989 Words   |  4 Pages Hofstede Model of National Culture Introduction Culture is the social behaviour and integrated pattern of human knowledge, belief, and behaviour that depends upon the capacity fro learning and transmitting knowledge to future generations It is the set of values, goals and practices that characterise an organisation A key to being successful in business internationally is to understand the role of culture in international business.culturalRead MoreOrganizational And National Cultures Of A Polish Us Joint Venture1619 Words   |  7 PagesGroup Case 1: Organizational and National Cultures in a Polish-US Joint Venture Group 4: Michelle Otremba, Nipa Patel, Laura Pawlusiak, Ann Phillips Question 1: Using the Hofstede’s and 7-D cultural model explain the cultural differences between US and Poland and how they matter to managing the work environment effectively in Poland? Hofstede’s first part of the model, power distance, defines the varying points that cultures are able to deal with inequality. These approaches can be categorizedRead MoreNafta Case Study1469 Words   |  6 Pagesbetween the NAFTA participants. As a result, companies like Amazon can easily do business between these three countries without the extra difficulties and costs of tariffs and quotas. This trade agreement opens to companies a market of 454 million individuals. It was not easy at first for Amazon to enter the Canadian market because it still had a few barriers to entry even with NAFTA. In order to protect their domestic brick and mortar companies, Canada had different legislation in place that hinderedRead MoreInternational Cultural Difference Of Business Culture1234 Words   |  5 Pages Introduction Culture is the social behaviour and integrated pattern of human knowledge, belief, and behaviour that depends upon the capacity fro learning and transmitting knowledge to future generations It is the set of values, goals and practices that characterise an organisation A key to being successful in business internationally is to understand the role of culture in international business.cultural differences will have a direct impact on your profitability in any sectorsRead MoreHofstedes Cultural Dimensions Comparison1160 Words   |  5 Pagesunderstanding of how the culture of the different societies affects the values found in those societies. Geert Hofstede conducted one of the most famous and most used studies on how culture relates to values. Hofstede study enabled him to compare dimensions of culture across 40 countries. He originally isolated four dimensions of what he claimed summarized different cultures — power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism versus collectivism, and masculinity versus femininity (Hill, 2013, pRead MoreThe Seven Dimensions Of Culture1746 Words   |  7 PagesThe seven dimensions of culture suggested by Geert Hofstede and his colleagues have many implications for the management of multinational enterpr ises. Throughout this essay the seven dimensions of culture will be compared and contrasted and the main implications defined. These implications will be justified by appropriate examples. The investigation will examine the four main dimensions followed by the additional created by Hoftede’s colleagues. Why the dimensions were created by focusing on theRead MoreA Cultural Analysis of Mexico Essay1399 Words   |  6 PagesTo help better understand Mexico’s culture, a brief overview of Geert Hofstede’s study of different cultures would be useful. Hofstede’s cultural taxonomy helps in the understanding of cultural differences. Hofstede proposed that people carry mental programs that are developed during their childhood and are reinforced by their culture (Lustig, Koester, 2006, p.114). Through these programs, the ideas of a culture are expressed through its principal values. Hofstede conducted a study of over 100,000Read MoreFive Aspects of Culture1688 Word s   |  7 PagesAspects of Culture Hofstede s cultural factors    Explanations  gt;  Culture gt; Hofstede s cultural factors Power |  Self | Gender | Predictability | Time | So what?    Geert Hofstede, a Dutch cultural anthropologist, analyzed cultures along five dimensions. He rated 58 countries on each dimension on a scale from 1 to 100. Power Hofstede named this Power Distance (PD or PDI). It is the extent to which less powerful members expect and accept unequal power distribution. High PD cultures usually

Creative Writing A Short Story - 1583 Words

Next was all the formal questions about what did what or where this or that was. These were just another formality that seemed quite obvious. Who drove a car around for a year, and didn’t learn at least some of the important buttons, and knobs? Surely you had to use your wipers, signals, heating, and lights every now, and then. You must of, right? Well, I’d guess that someone forgot something important one year, and that single outlier changed the whole system. So now, everyone has to know what every single button does, where it is, and God forbid, if you don’t find it within two seconds, then youre most definitely an incompetent driver. Almost needless to say, Jason didn’t follow in the outlier’s footsteps, and he aced the questionnaire.†¦show more content†¦At every stop sign he waited until the suspension rebounded fully, he scanned at least one hundred eighty degrees from one side to another, left to right usually, stopping occasionally to focus, and then he repeated that action twice. He tried to pay no attention to his grouchy passenger, all that would do was distract him, and waste his energy. Besides, she might of called it distracted driving if he watched her take notes. She was leading him into every trap in the book, taking care to send Jason through every possible intersection, including various types of â€Å"stop sign† intersections. Multiple intersections had no right turn at red light signs, on one, Jason didn’t see the sign until the last millisecond. He also ran into a peculiar amount intersections didn’t even have traffic signals or signs, uncontrolled intersections they were called. This stubborn crone’s last futile attempt was sending her driver through the ridiculous maze of roundabouts downtown, which the ingenious government decided to create last summer. The maze was so convoluted that a tactician was practically needed to navigate the confusing collection of circles. Next was the indicative parking. As if on cue, the rain subsided at last, so Jason relaxed a little. He didn’t have to focus too much on not sliding into something anymore, and she was leading him up a hill, aShow MoreRelatedCreative Writing : A Short Story1020 Words   |  5 PagesThe girls sat seperated in two stark, cold rooms. Each of the girls was sat at a table with a clear plastic cup of water sitting at arm’s length from them, both cups untouched. How could they drink when their best friend was no where to be seen? They had been having an innocent night of fun at Mercedes’ house three weeks ago, the first of many planned for the spring break, watching movies on Netflix and eating a pizza they ordered. The night was full of rambling about how classes were, drama floatingRead MoreShort Story : Creative Writing1550 Words   |  7 PagesIn the woods when the sun was just starting to set, there was a van driving on a long-abandoned road, behind the wheel of said van was a tired looking girl who seemed to be about 19. She took a sip of the long cold coffee, and turned to the turquoise haired girl sitting next to her. Hey uhhhh Cas, Cassie? Where are we? Noting the headphones, she stopped the car and turned around to inquire of the two boys in the back, Kenny, Timmy, do either of you have an idea where we are? It seems like weveRead MoreCreative Writing : A Short Story1281 Words   |  6 PagesSMACK! I was on my back, peering up at Josh as he laid on top me. â€Å"Gotc....† He begins to say but stopped. The look of victory slowly vanished from his face at the realization of how little space was between us. I could feel his heart hammering in his chest or maybe it was mine. Because, Josh was now searching my eyes as if he was looking for an answer to a question. His lips were only inches from mine and I could feel the heat coming off of them. Everything inside of me screamed to move awayRead MoreShort Story : Creative Writing865 Words   |  4 Pages Brrring! Brrring! Brrring! Brrring! â€Å"What is someone doing calling at 2am† whispers Dave groggily as he wipes his eyes and p icks up the phone. Yawning, somehow he manages to make something comprehendible come out of his mouth, â€Å"Hello? This is Dave speaking.† â€Å"Dave! This is Joe†¦ your old roommate from college. How are you doing?† â€Å"I am doing fine.† says Dave thinking and thinking about who Joe is when suddenly he remembers. At that moment he groans but manages to put out a polite response,Read MoreCreative Writing : A Short Story1037 Words   |  5 PagesThere she goes again. Mother can’t ever mind her own business, Seriously will it kill her to just leave her thoughts to herself. Little Mike came up tugging at her sleeve, his soft little fingers grasping at the cloth, a pull then another. â€Å"Yes sweetheart.† Mike looked at her, his finger pointed forwards, just at the edge of my vision. â€Å"It’s our turn now mommy.† She looked up; Mike quickly ran forward. â€Å"Woah slow down buddy, you can’t walk away by yourself.† Mike came to a sudden stop;he turned toRead MoreCreative Writing : A Short Story1102 Words   |  5 PagesWhen their parents entered their room, Charlie watched as Maggie walked to the window and kept her back to them. They could al l tell she was upset about something. Looking at Elliot, she pushed herself up further in the bed, as Callum grabbed Ian and took a seat on the chair next to her. Ben clasped his hands in front of him as he took a deep breath. â€Å"Ive been asked to stay here in order to help Rachel on her work supplying the Republic with power. I plan on asking Miles to let all of you andRead MoreCreative Writing : A Short Story1148 Words   |  5 Pagesbench nearby. And that’s what she was doing now. She sighed and stood up to go home. The next day she went to school and her best friend Sarina asked, â€Å"What’s wrong?† She then told her the whole story as she didn’t know what happened yesterday because she was absent. Hearing the story she said, â€Å" It’s a good thing that I upgraded my remote few days ago. You should go to the remote shop today after school.† Then they both went to class. When Maya entered her first class she saw Tasha andRead MoreCreative Writing : A Short Story1440 Words   |  6 PagesPayday arrived for both me and Patsy, giving us the opportunity to attend the luxurious cinema and a wider variety of movies. As we stand before the array of movie posters, deciding between an action or comedy, somehow, how conversation shifts over to John. â€Å"He was so excited about the other night,† says Patsy. I abandon the posters and give her a questioning look. â€Å"About what?† â€Å"Well, first of all spending the evening with you, and then because you hugged him the way you did.† She taps her fingerRead MoreCreative Writing : A Short Story1615 Words   |  7 Pagestown to barter, we’ll ask around.† Shocked that her husband knows about Miles tattoo on her arm, Rachel clings to him in the silence, her mind racing at the possible implications. XXX Rachel sits stunned at the table, listening to Ben relay the story that he’s heard over and over in the village nearest to the house they’ve decided to ride out the winter in. â€Å"Soul Marks? How is that possible? These are just replicas of tattoos,† she replies with a disbelieving shake of her head. Ben shruggedRead MoreCreative Writing : A Short Story1722 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Pardon me, but just how are you going to keep people from learning your name? Even if you use an assumed name, they’ll still recognize you elsewhere.† He slumped in his chair. â€Å"I guess I won’t be able to work with you then, sir. I don’t want the notoriety that could come.† The owner winced. â€Å"Tell you what, son, I’ll talk with some of the others and see if we can’t figure something out. If anything changes, you’ll be called right away. Sound good?† â€Å"Yes sir.† Blake left the stuffy office and

Good citizen Free Essays

The Results of Raising a Child as a Good Citizen As parents, we all would like our youths to cultivate to be accountable citizens and moral people. We want them to sense, ponder, and act with admiration for themselves as well as other people. We want them to hound their own happiness, while also being thoughtful of the necessities and the spirits of others. We will write a custom essay sample on Good citizen or any similar topic only for you Order Now Just as children are deemed to go to the bathroom, solve basic math concepts, read, write and learn a little about events in history, so must they be channeled in evolving the ssets of citizenship that are cherished by their both their family and community in which they dwell. It is only through support and modeling by considerate grownups, children learn to be truthful and caring, to arise for their moralities, to be concerned about others, to act sensibly and make complete ethical alternatives. The extreme chance on a child being a good citizen in society depends on how well parents mold them. Adolescents who grow up with powerful, optimistic standards are better-off and they are good citizens. They are able to stabilize their individual desires and needs versus those of other people and make positive contributions to society. Once characteristics such as respect, responsibility, and resourcefulness has been instilled into children y parents they will cultivate to be good citizens and will be able to show a form of thoughtfulness and compassion towards others. The moral values demonstrated by parents will be portrayed through the child’s character. The recompense for inspiring our children’s progress is massive. An additional pointer is, f children do not acquire appropriate standards and conduct when they are very young they can encounter a vast amount of problems. These children run into problems that has to deal with education, relationships, personal life, their community, and themselves as a whole. These glitches can burgeon with severe consequences as children grow older†dropping out of school, the use of drugs an alcohol, teenage pregnancy, violence, crime. These children who encounter this typical lifestyle does not enjoy their childhood so in that scenario they make others ife worst. Instead of them showing good citizenship to society, they are being a threat. There are many characteristics that parents express that evolves to children being good citizens. When parents are open to the differences of a child its shows a form of compassion and show that people have different viewpoints. For example, if a child sees the neighbor with a head wrap on and he or she thinks he looks funny, it’s up to the parents to tell the child its apart of that individual culture. Honesty and fairness is also another characteristic. Being honest has to do with being truthful with yourself and others. Fairness is acting in a Just way and making the right decision. When a child is exposed to these traits they will know right from wrong and will never cheat themselves into anything. Last but not least, self-discipline is an essential factor in inspiring a child to be a good citizen. When a child has self- discipline, they know that there is a time and place for everything, the know how to act towards certain things or situations. The basic foundation of a child’s growth is arents It a lot ot interest is snowed towards the sprouting ot children, chances are that they will be molded into good citizens in society with ethical morals. Characteristics such as compassion, fairness, honesty, and self-discipline, revolves around citizenship. The most essential thing we can do for our children is to assist them in obtaining standards and abilities they can depend on for the rest of their lives. In doing so, they will have the greatest probability of leading good lives as a person and a good citizen of their society. How to cite Good citizen, Papers

Changes in Restaurant Menu and Online System-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Changes in Restaurant Menu and Online System. Answer: Introduction: As a result of the speedy growth in the usage of the internet and technologies related, numerous new opportunities in future related to the network. As a result, several companies and business are also undertaking the business through the new trends of the internet. Such advances in the technology have made a great impact in the restaurant and food industry (Gase et al., 2015). In todays fast pace life where the individuals are short of time and want to complete things in a second, the majority of the individuals are finicky at times placing an order for the food in the restaurants. The reason of attraction for the consumers is because of the convenience in placing the order online and the other reason is the visibility of the food items that are offered, price and the enormously simplify navigation for the order (Gase et al., 2015) . In the recent time, many of the restaurants are focusing on the speedy preparations and immediate delivery of the orders in spite of offering the prosperous dining experience. Recently it is observed that many of the orders are a placed online and also on the phone. Transformation in the menu system of the restaurants presents an up-to-date and interactive menu happening with the options which are easy to use in any manner. The older system of the restaurants aims in accelerating the orders of the consumers (Gase et al., 2015). Innovation in the ordering system and the menu of the restaurant helps the company to attract more clients and reflected as the modern approach focusing on the consumers. Changes in the market of the restaurant industry are constant and mainly such changes happen silently. The recurrent changes in the industry are driven as a result of the demographic evolution, needs of the modern buyers and also affected by the economic crisis globally. Such a rapid growth of the wireless communication and the internet results the industry in gaining more consumers (Gase et al., 2015) . The system of placing orders online is just a new concept in the industry and is being very successful around the globe. Such concept consists of the professional website of the company with a system which represents the company in the scenario of the online world. In such online ordering concept, the consumer will place the order online with the confirmation details which will help the order details entering the database and will be retrieved by the company in a pretty quick time (RASA, 2017). This, in turn, helps the responsible employee of the organisation to speedily watch the orders received and efficiently processing of the orders with the stipulated time frame and without any confusion. In this research will discuss the changes in the online methods and the menu of the restaurants and their effect on the present scenario of the consumers. Problem Statement: The older system of the menu and food orders are time consuming, in such process first the employee will take the order and then the orders will be dropped to the cashier after that the orders will move in the Kitchen (RASA, 2017). The information related to the orders is kept on the paper which is difficult for the administration of the restaurant to find and there is more probability of missing the information and is difficult to rearrange the schedule (RASA, 2017). The business of the restaurants is managed manually, especially during the orders taken from the consumers. Delay in the services may affect the level of consumer satisfaction and consumer loyalty. (RASA, 2017) Objectives As per the problem statement, the objectives of the study is to develop such menu and online ordering system in the restaurant industry, which makes the hassle free food services to the consumers at their doorstep. The objective of the study is to understand the online system and using interfaces for the online management system. Providing, the information related to the changes in the menu and the ordering system of the restaurant. Increase in the sales and productivity of restaurants, by knowing the status and restocking the special orders (RASA, 2017). This also increases the working efficiency of the detailed reporting and online system. Research proposal and presentation: Menu in the reasturant industry is considered as the primary communication and the marketing tool The menu is the main advertising and message tools in the restaurant business. The business-to-client digital strategy is extensively used in mutually daily living and trade, especially the generosity business (Hahm and Khan, 2001). Menus have the past of almost around 260 years now further restaurant are revising menu and opening to use latest and much wanted digital menus. Advertising research and information from the Nations Restaurant. The famous newspaper The New York Times illustrate that the digital menu assists the restaurant to enlarge the profit by the production of food more easy to get to, selling extra and require a smaller amount of labor in contrast to the customarily written menu document (Hahm and Khan, 2001). The blueprint values and user boundary are diverse in publish menu and digital menus with this the design strategy for the new age group of digital menus. The dig ital menus, in addition, offer the immense opportunity for personalization and customization for using communication to improve user incident(Hahm and Khan, 2001). Literature review: Refer Kershaws (2009) and Radice (1992) research, the menu is measured and considered as a main advertising and sales instrument by the directing awareness and ever-increasing profit in restaurants (Hahm and Khan, 2001). It is one of the most significant aspects of the achievement of several foodservice organizations. possibly it is debatably the spirit of the restaurant. It infers quite a lot of interpretation for together the buyers as well as the sellers. Khan in the year 1991 also suggests that "menus are in an actual sense the statements" of the foodstuff and- beverage stuff which is provided by a restaurant establishment, first and foremost based on customer needs as well as his/her demands and intended to attain the aimed objectives"(Hahm and Khan, 2001). Kreck (1984) and Mooney (1994) note that menu can be interpreted as an acute list of manufactured goods variety which a restaurant offer and the similar time it may also be considered as a piece of writing or show used to con verse the manufactured goods range to the client (Hahm and Khan, 2001). Though, a current study argues that "menus are supplementary than the conservative function of an exchange and selling instrument, but also a study and testing device which can be calculated to boost the restaurant profit" (Hahm and Khan, 2001) Existing System: In present system for ordering any information users be supposed to visit restaurants or hotels to be acquainted with food substance and then offer order and pay the progress (Ogawa, 2002). Refer this method occasion and instruction booklet work is mandatory. Maintaining a dangerous information in the records and manual is full of danger and a boring process. Proposed System: This online request enables the conclusion user to record online, select the foodstuff from the e-menu certificate, understand writing the E-menu certificate and arrange food online(Wansink, Painter and Ittersum, 2001). The consequences after selecting the foodstuff from the E-menu certificate in a straight line appear in the display near the cook who is available to grill the foodstuff for you (Ogawa, 2002). By means of this submission, the employment of the member of staff serving at the table is concentrated plus the work is invalidated (Ogawa, 2002). The advantage of this fact is that in case there is a crowd of the clientage in the eating place, subsequently, there shall be the probability that the waiter shall be engaged and the user can straightforwardly order the foodstuff to the cook online by means of this submission. The consumer shall be given a password and a username to sign in(Ogawa, 2002). Private DIGITAL ASISTANTS (PDA'S) BASED scheme: A number of the wireless system like i-menu, WOS, FIWOS was urbanized when innovative technology and approach being introduced to mechanize the foodstuff order process. All of the processes which are discussed above were PDA- set. The characteristic of the PDA system was that clients or waiters enter in he process of ordering. By means of wireless expertise, there was simple communication sandwiched between the PDAs and a member of staff serving at the table. But PDA base system also had numerous drawbacks (Ogawa, 2002). PDA set system enlarged the restaurant's expenses. PDA system also did not give any genuine time reaction from clients. The menu cards refer the PDAs were not good-looking and were totally uninformative as it did not hold up with descriptions (Ogawa, 2002). Multitouch technology: The Multi-touch knowledge is a progress version to the presented touch skill where the customer has right to control and carry out the operation at the same time as on the electronic chart display using manifold fingers inputs (Ogawa, 2002). Big displays such as from the wall screen and the tabletop are deemed to be fundamentals for in sequence apparition purposes when trade with manifold users sharing the similar show. It is reported that the communal communication is extremely better among user using a communal display and effort (Wansink, Painter and Ittersum, 2001). But there are convinced limits of the multi-touchable eating place organization systems. Touch screen accessible in the marketplace are of resistive and capacitive types which are very expensive (Ogawa, 2002). The online foodstuff order system set up a bill of fare online and the clients with no trouble placing the order with a straightforward mouse tick. Along with this, a food menu online faci lity enables you to easily pathway the guidelines, preserve customer's folder and improve your foodstuff release service. This scheme allows the consumer to select the preferred food substance from the displayed bill of fare. The consumer orders the foodstuff items. The compensation can be completed online and also through the pay-on-delivery arrangement (Ozdemir and Caliskan, 2014). The ordering System is an understanding that included both ideas of intranet and wireless knowledge. This scheme provides consumer to contact the data, in order and services from a distant server, that enables the consumer to admission the middle databases dispersed across the eating place network (Ozdemir and Caliskan, 2014). The majority of the handheld campaign has implemented and support wireless knowledge and so mobile devices is a perfect hardware machine that use to hold up this structure in order to let the user distant right entry to the database for data recovery. The scheme requires the customer to manufacture an intranet system within the eating place and there shall be a middle database member of staff serving at table resides in the system and the customer can go for the data retrieval by means of the mobile strategy such as PDA which stands for the Personal Digital Assistant connect to the wireless admission point (Ozdemir and Caliskan, 2014). Wireless food order system is a way out which can assist the restaurant to speed up their client services as well as the organization feature. After the scheme has been carefully implemented in the eating place, the flow foodstuff ordering procedure shall be changed to mechanize. Waiter have to take instructions by choosig the food that desires to order from the carte du jour on the portable devices as the contribution and the data shall be sent to the middle database, after which the computer exists in the kitchen will get back the data from the middle folder and show on the computer monitor (Ozdem ir and Caliskan, 2014). After the foodstuff fits to be eaten, the worker in the kitchen can verify the food regulate and update to the folder. This shall be the signal for the member of staff serving at table mobile machine to admit the waiter the food is prepared to dish up the food to individual customers. Strength The scheme eliminates the requirement for a member of staff serving at the table to take arrange with pen and document. Moreover, the wine waiter only wants to carry the movable devices for the whole operational hour to do food order process as an alternative to using pen and document (Tetreault, 2017). Apart from this, the system also can assist in provisions of environmentally welcoming by dipping the usage of the paper. The scheme is very appropriate for fast food manufacturing due to it provide aptitude for the client to put order wherever and all over the place and also minimize the occasion require during the arranging process. clients do not require to bodily go to the eating place for foodstuff ordering as an alternative of immediately using their mobile machine to put an order through the internet plus when the client reach the eating place they can in a straight line have their snack without waiting for it in a queue (Tetreault, 2017). Meanwhile, it assists the express food restaurant to have improved client services as the most significant feature that fast food manufacturing concern about is rapidity, therefore, the restaurant is supposed to dish up their client without any holdup. Mackay in the year 2008 claimed that "clients who order on the net tend to order extra as they have a bill of fare in frontage to them." With the internet, there shall be fewer errors on the instructions or miscommunication in the middle of clients and the worker who taking instructions. Contrast to telephone call ordering, online order pizza makes fewer mistakes. When throughout the telephone call order, the client may organize wrong thing without realizing it (Tetreault, 2017). The articulation of convinced language might lead to arrange the wrong manufactured goods. In addition, it provides an appropriate check. The scheme examines all foodstuff orders prior to the conclusion and corrects human being error. Also, with this scheme, the listing of online visitors is utilized to make an expensive marketing campaign (Tetreault, 2017). The online order provides the magnificent solution for a place of work lunch instructions. The clients can command without the bother of using telephone call to arrange the pizza. The client can take their point in time and get the pizza in instant (Tetreault, 2017). The eating place website guarantees that the communication, promotions and add-on offer are well delivered to the clients. In monetary factor, online order system increases the competence and cost efficiency of the order operation. For the ad, it can make with no trouble or upload promotions to the website of Domino's Pizza. For example, this scheme can add to the customer's visitor check mechanically by client email by suggestive of an upcoming sell for additional foodstuffs. Online order increase in sales of merchandise in the Domino Pizza business. Disadvantages The tendency of shopping online, particularly ordering the pizza online has slowly been important in the previous decade and online seller are predictable to have improvement on the quantity of sale after website services and features changed. There is no hesitation so as the clients can find a huge deal online and so a lot of dissimilar products that may not be even obtainable in normal stores. By this method, there is a positive disadvantage of online order as well (Tetreault, 2017). Though, a corporation must think on the aim market they shall like to focus on promoting their foodstuffs and the services too. The old are most improbable to order merchandise online due to their information of working a supercomputer. So, if the aim market includes the old, a traditional examine has to be given to them. The online connectivity issue is the most disadvantages for online order. The clients add substance in online shopping heave enters in order and push "submit". The verification screen may time out when the internet has an unbalanced link (Tetreault, 2017). The online clients would not be acquainted with whether the arrange has been complete. Moreover, clients may also create human error, such as order the wrong item. This can happen when the client attempts to put an order. The client may have by mistake clicked on the incorrect thing while placing their instructions all the way through the website. Even if the buyer clicks on the right product and provides a correct product numeral there may still be an error made in the order procedure if there are option connected with the thing (Tetreault, 2017). This difficulty can be quite disturbing as the user will get nervous when the wrong item is conventional and therefore, lose customers' faithfulness towards the business. One more disadvantage is that online purchase would signify that, the individual information has to be known in the business when a purchase is taking place on the other hand many of the companies benefits themselves with such characteristic. By purchase on the net, the buyer would have to acquire the danger of having their information in sequence taken by the online company can be distorted. Though this is an extremely rare incidence, it is additionally likely to occur online, than in self (Tetreault, 2017). To keep away from personal in sequence from being shown, clients would more often not look for a trustable business to purchase merchandise from. Methodology Research methodology includes the procedures, models, and techniques which prove helpful in concluding the results related to the issues and consists of the steps such as the research objective, plan, collecting information through the questionaries, analysing such information and finally concluding with the findings. The research designed is related to the changes in the menu and ordering system of the reasturants will integrate the quantitative method of the research. The research will relieves on collecting data with interviewing the consumers of the restaurants with this the progression includes such actions which are significant in developing the questionnaire, that supports to collect data connected with the research. The implication of the Qualitative research ensures a developed understanding related to the topic(Vinayak et al., 2013). The surveys and research conducted to provide a solid foundation for the theories and studies done in the past related to the changes in the m enu and ordering sytem of the reasturants. The utilization of the quantitative methods also develops a tangible demonstration of the result on an authentic setting (Vinayak et al., 2013). In similar, the make use of such type of research proves fruitful to the researcher in measuring the parameter that is held in the objectives of the research. The study will include the interviews and the questionnaires as the significant tools in collecting data for the research. Research process: Research process conducted will help in identifying the issues if any related to the dining experiences faced by the consumers. Foremost the research process will prove helpful in identifying any problems or issues related to the research. Then the questionnaire and surveys related to the research will be conducted which will prove fruitful in the research outcomes. The research conducted will help in identifying such methods which prove beneficial in improving the experience of the consumers related to the restaurant industry (Vinayak et al., 2013). The related actions will be evaluated that resulted in better and improved services with changes in the menu and ordering system of the restaurants. Instrumentation: The questionnaire contents will be separated into four diverse parts. The foremost part is to measure the perceptions of the participants related to the restaurant menu and ordering system. It consists of the ten attributes which reflect the proportions of the restaurant atmospherics (Vinayak et al., 2013). Additionally, such attributes will be known as the statements which imitate the perceptions of the patrons related to the restaurants ordering and menu system. Then, five-point Likert scale ranges from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree) is to elected as the consumer responses (Vinayak et al., 2013). The second phase includes the questioning that measures the level of satisfaction of the consumers related to the changes in the ordering sytem. The trial questions would be: How the consumers are satisfied with the ambient services of the restaurant? How contented are the consumers with the spatial layout of the new changes in the ordering and menu system in the restaurant? Satisfaction level of the consumer with such new services of the restaurant? In general, are the services cost effective and tech savvy? After this, there will be a five-point Likert scale range from 1 (very dissatisfied) to 5 (very satisfied) is selected according to their responses to the questions. The third part includes the three questions that measure the behavioural intensions of the participants. The example questions are: How likely the individuals will return or opt for the changes in the menu and ordering system. How useful are the changes done in the day today life of the individual? Do the processes are hassle free and are beneficial? Is the process easy and consumer friendly? Each of the behavioural intension is measured with one item, from 1 = very unlikely to 5 = very likely. In the last part, we will elicit the appropriate individual information, such as patrons gender, age, job, educational level nationality and income. Data collection and Data Analysis: The Questionaries will helps in measuring the perceptions of the participants related to the changes in the menu and the ordering system in the restaurants. Such methods ensure that the responses of the patrons can effectively reflect their dining experiences with the new methodology used in the restaurants.In this Research Proposal, two methods of the data collection will be applied. The Data Analysis and data collection are done in such cases where patrons are using the services. For the convenient approach of sampling, the collection of the sample include the upscale full and middle service restaurants were chosen as an application for finding the behaviour of the participants in the nearby popular restaurants. Such restaurants will be providing the range of cuisines, which includes the Western-style dishes, contemporary Japanese cuisine, authentic Vietnamese cuisine and innovative Chinese fusion foods. Patrons are voluntary and are selected as the consumers of the different resta urants. The questionnaires are to be distributed among such selected consumer utilising such services in the given restaurants. In the meantime, the survey will be conducted among the consumers using the services. The consumers must participate in the surveys and Questionnaire with full zeal and zest which helps in removing any issues or the malfunctioning of any system related to the menu or the ordering system. Such methods of data collection and analysis help the researcher to reach certain constructive outcomes related to the changes in the menu and ordering system in reasturants. Research report: From the research and survey done among the consumers regarding the changes in the menu and the ordering system it is seen that such changes in the system and the The internet online foodstuff ordering scheme provides ease for the clients. It overcomes the disadvantage of the customary queuing organization. This scheme increases the carry off of foods than guests. So, this system enhances the pace and consistency of captivating the order from the client (Vinayak et al., 2013). It provides an enhanced message platform. The users particulars are renowned by electronic means.. The latest examine shows that around 43 percent of customers have located an extract or release order online (Vinayak et al., 2013). These restaurants that tender online order advantage from having clients contented by the expediency. Conclusion: The digital Restaurant Menu allows your visitors to put the order right away with no waiter's attendance. Every customer can with no trouble select the food substance from the menu and leave the instructions from the eatery app. This rapid and pioneering food order experience will absolutely enhance the eatery dining knowledge of the visitors (Vinayak et al., 2013). In todays humankind, it is a necessity to have an online scheme to augment the income of the commerce and to serve with no trouble to the clients.. a lot of restaurants have select to spotlight on quick training and speedy liberation of instructions rather than submission of a rich dining skill. Online order is trouble-free and suitable yet they have much more to pick up on their online order system. It is good quality that online order system has connected the customers' in order with the folder of the scheme which facilitates the order of clients (Vinayak et al., 2013). In addition, customers' information might be tracked with ease from their record quickly if they are normal clients. Survey questionnaire: The Survey will include a certain question which will be asked from the consumers who are using the services of the restaurants in the given area, where the consumers are placing their orders while sitting on the table and the order automatically forwards to the kitchen or the counters directly. The Questions are as follows: What is your Age? 21 21-30 30 Has the consumer eaten at any local restaurant that takes the order manually? Yes NO Problem faced within the system? Yes No Are you computer literate: Yes No How will the one prefer in viewing the Menu? Self placing the order from the table Having the waiter over the table to take orders Placing the order solely over the counter The other feature individuals would prefer in the order taking the system of the restaurants References Gase, L., Kaur, M., Dunning, L., Montes, C. and Kuo, T. (2015). What menu changes do restaurants make after joining a voluntary restaurant recognition program?.Appetite, 89, pp.131-135. Hahm, S. and Khan, M. (2001). Changing Food Consumption Patterns and Their Impact on the Quick Service Restaurant Industry.Journal of Restaurant Foodservice Marketing, 4(3), pp.65-79. Ogawa, S. (2002). The Hypothesis-Testing Ordering System: A New Competitive Weapon of Japanese Convenience Stores in a New Digital Era.Industrial Relations, 41(4), pp.579-604. Ozdemir, B. and Caliskan, O. (2014). A review of literature on restaurant menus: Specifying the managerial issues.International Journal of Gastronomy and Food Science, 2(1), pp.3-13. RASA. (2017).Advantages of Online Food Ordering for Restaurants - RASA. [online] Available at: https://restaurant.org.za.dedi279.nur4.host-h.net/2017/05/10/advantages-of-online-food-ordering-for-restaurants-2/ [Accessed 17 Aug. 2017]. Tetreault, A. (2017).How Technology is Changing the Restaurant Industry and the Way We Dine - The Industry Press. [online] The Industry Press. Available at: https://theindustrypress.com/how-technology-is-changing-the-restaurant-industry-and-the-way-we-dine/service-hospitality/allisontetreault/ [Accessed 17 Aug. 2017]. Vinayak, D., Ranjan, V., Masiwal, N. and Verma, N. (2013). e-Restaurant: Online Restaurant Management System for Android.International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 3(1). Wansink, B., Painter, J. and Ittersum, K. (2001). Descriptive Menu Labels Effect on Sales.Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 42(6), pp.68-72

Briar Rose Essay Research Paper Jane Yolsen free essay sample

Briar Rose Essay, Research Paper Jane Yolsen produces a powerful and traveling novel that dexterously blends the fable of Sleeping Beauty with the historical calamity of the Holocaust. To Rebecca, Sylvia and Shana, # 8220 ; Briar Rose # 8221 ; was merely a bed clip narrative but in all world the narrative they grew up with was an existent event in Gemma # 8217 ; s life. Although Gemma ever identified strongly with Briar Rose, the kiping princess, no 1 had thought it anything but a bedtime narrative. But when a cryptic box of cuttings and exposures turns up after Gemma # 8217 ; s decease, suggesting that the recognized version of Gemma # 8217 ; s origins is untrue, Becca begins following the existent narrative, which bears striking resemblance # 8217 ; s to Gemma # 8217 ; s fairy narrative. Becca so sets off on a journey to Europe to detect her grandma # 8217 ; s true individuality. I felt this book was more for grownups than for immature grownups. It was complicated and likely hard for a immature adolescent to follow. We will write a custom essay sample on Briar Rose Essay Research Paper Jane Yolsen or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It had linguistic communication that may non suitable for a immature grownup. Such as a line like, # 8220 ; Stan like an expert braked and at the same time turned the wheel somewhat to the right. # 8220 ; Asshole! # 8221 ; he muttered. # 8221 ; ( Jane Yolen, 67 ) . It was a singular book. I normally don # 8217 ; t bask reading what I # 8220 ; have # 8221 ; to, but I genuinely adored this book. When I foremost started the book I wasn # 8217 ; t really enthused but one time I read the first four chapters ( for the 2nd clip ) I started falling into the novel. I became so emotionally involved with the ch aracters and the story that I had to finish it. It made me recall everything I had learned in history class about the Holocaust. At that time it did not seem to â€Å"click†. Now that I read this story and all of its frightful horrors it all comes rushing back. Now that I think about it, this is actually a great book for young adults to read. It teaches them a little about the holocaust and the terrible tragedies that had occurred. It even teaches them a bit about homosexuality. Though the gays were not treated very well in Yolen’s novel. I loved the detail that Yolen put into â€Å"Briar Rose†. It felt like I was actually there, staring down at the mountain of bodies below. Smelling the putrid smell of week old rotting corpses. Sleeping in a trench covered with branches and leaves, with nine to thirteen other escapees, aching for a shower and food in my stomach. I felt for the poor, vulnerable prisoners who were forced to strip and roll in the freezing cold sn ow, while the drunken guards laughed and ridiculed them.Although it was a heart-breaking book I would highly recommend this book to everyone. It’s amazing how the author blended a tale and a horrible story together. It somehow made the story less dreadful than it really is. This book should be read and reread because the more you read it the more you come to understand the appalling events of the Holocaust. â€Å"Briar Rose will surely give the reader a tale to remember.

When Shortening Synchronize, Best Leave Off the h

When Shortening Synchronize, Best Leave Off the h When Shortening â€Å"Synchronize,† Best Leave Off the â€Å"h† When Shortening â€Å"Synchronize,† Best Leave Off the â€Å"h† By Maeve Maddox Computer users are often concerned with synchronizing their various programs and machines. The process is so common that the three-syllable word synchronize is usually shortened to its first syllable. The one-syllable shortening has become so acceptable that both the OED and Merriam-Webster have entries for it. Both sync and synch are given as spellings, and a browser search indicates that both forms are in about equal use: How to Synch Outlook How to Synch Google Calendar with a SmartPhone How to Sync Google Services With Your Mobile Device How to sync an iPhone with two (or more) Computers How to sync with .Mac and connected devices How to synch new records between two tables ? The spelling synch presents no difficulty of pronunciation to speakers who know the origin and pronunciation of the shortened word. synchronize [(sÄ ­ngkrÉ™-nÄ «z] c.1624, to occur at the same time, from Gk. synchronizein be of the same time. However, while the spelling sync [sÄ ­ngk] preserves the sound of the first syllable of synchronize, the spelling synch suggests the pronunciation [(sÄ ­nch]. Sounds of ch The English spelling ch can represent three different sounds. The first and most common sound is the sound heard at both ends of church. The second sound represented by ch is [k]. This spelling applies to words from the Greek, words like synchronize. However, the trouble with shortening the Greek word synchronize to synch is that the overwhelming (and pattern-forming) majority of one-syllable English words ending in ch are pronounced with the first sound of ch: each, itch, beach, coach, fetch, march, mulch, peach, porch, which. etc. The pronunciation shift may have already begun What provoked this post was a spelling I noticed in a scientific article on the topic of amino acids. The writer makes the topic interesting by explaining chemical processes in popular terms. In one example he compares cells and proteins to words and letters. He postulates a game hosted by Regis Philbin (italics mine): You can rotate each wheel at will and then press a button to see if the combination that you chose is one of the one million winning combinations.  You can keep doing this until you give up.   You think that this game is a synch.   The intended word is cinch [sÄ ­nch], in the sense of â€Å"something easy to accomplish.† I rest my case. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:English Grammar 101: All You Need to Know"Gratitude" or "Gratefulness"?One "L" or Two?

Business Finance and the Capital Structure Research Paper

Business Finance and the Capital Structure - Research Paper Example The most important disadvantage of debt financing is the interest burden and the repayment of loan. If the loan and interest are not repaid on time then banks and financing institutions can seize the assets of the company. The history of bond and stock market shows that risk and returns are indispensably attached to each other. Investors cannot get higher returns if their risk portfolio is low. Lower risk will bring lower returns and in order to get higher returns investors need to take high risk. William Sharpe (1964) and John Lintner (1965) have contributed to the origin of asset pricing theory in the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). The CAPM was built on the model of choice of portfolio developed by Harry Markowitz (1959). According to the model of Markowitz, an investor opts to select a portfolio at time t-1 which would generate a stochastic return at time t. The model assumes that investors are generally risk averse, and at the time of choosing their portfolio they are concerned about only mean and variance of their return at the end of investment period. So investors prefer to choose mean & variance efficient portfolios that would either minimize variance with a certain expected return or would maximize expected return given variance. Thus, CAPM is a theory that defines the relationship between risk and the expected return of a security or a portfolio of securities. The theory is based on the assumption that the security market is generally composed of risk-averse in vestors and the type of investors who prefer and will to take more risk only when they expect to earn a higher return in commensuration with that risk. The return from an asset varies through successive periods and an asset which has a fluctuating return is considered to have greater risk. So, the tendency of investors is to diversify their investment portfolio so that they could minimize the effect of risk volatility, i.e. the unsystematic risk attached

Argumentative five paragraph essay about Your grade should be what

Argumentative five paragraph about Your grade should be what during your academic school - Essay Example ehind this include: Personal commitment to the achievement of an A grade, working with colleagues to counter my weaknesses and build on my strengths, and I do not perceive myself as a failure. Learning is an ongoing process that highly depends on personal effort and commitment. My pursuit to achieve my academic goals and objectives informs what my school grade should be. Considering that I am an A material in terms of academic performance and school grading, I have to my way towards that. There are so many activities and efforts involved in the process of achieving the desired grade; personally, achieving an A grade guides my academic and learning process. There is no single student who can be said to be self-sufficient in the academic world. Every single student exhibits both strengths and weaknesses, all of which influence learning and academic performance. Personally, the school grade A is not a solely individual result. I appreciate the role that my colleagues play in enhancing my academic results. By combining the diversity group efforts and my own, then my performance is directed to grade A. While there are diverse and dynamic goals of joining the various academic systems, no one seeks to fail after all. In this regard, I do not perceive myself as a failure. Winning is the outcome that should come with my school work. For this reason, I head for the very best, and nothing less than that. I understand that there are huddles and challenges involved, but they serve as an encouragement in expecting and working for the best. Measures of individual performance are many in number, and an excellent grade in school constitutes part of these measures. Evaluating one’s goals and objectives from time to time is essential in monitoring progress towards the desired result. In the school, setting milestones marks the procedural attainment of the desired grade from time to time. This makes it easier to work towards the desired school grade. Personally, the process

Israeli's treatment of arab citizens, Research Proposal

Israeli's treatment of arab citizens, - Research Proposal Example The fire of hatred burns brightest in the hearts of the Arabs for America because they were tools to kindle the hegemonic designs of the Arabs on the Israelis. Therefore the United States is facing rising anti- Americanism almost all over in the world. Pew Global Attitudes Project, (June 2003) Some of these reactions are due to the U.S strikes directed towards some Arab countries including its occupation of Iraq and secondly the political, military and economic support by the U.S in support of Israel against the Arabs. Another reason for the Arab antipathy and hatred for America lies in the fact of America’s support for a major number of undemocratic regimes of the Arabs. The Arab public sees U.S. positions in the Arab-Israeli conflict as biased and feels the U.S. government is not an honest broker in the conflict.† (Nicolas Francis, Moises Naim, and Abdel Monem Said Aly, (2002) These unfavorable conditions have led to the great hostility between the Israeli and the Arab s which seems to be blowing out of proportion time and again thus intensifying problems further. Shocking reports from the Department of State’s Annual Human Rights Division give us a clear insight into the Israeli’s treatment of the Arab minority. Depressing facts of abuses on the human rights of the Arabs by the Israelis have been well documented over the years to give us the bigger picture of life in the Arab countries. For over 30 years now, the Israelis have detained, tortured and killed many of the Arabs thereby fuelling resentment still further. In addition to this countless Arab homes were demolished and their lands confiscated without any explanation given to any human rights organization whether national or international for the past many years. The Arabs in Israel constitute about one –fifth of the population of the country but in spite of their large numbers they are deprived of most of the civil rights which other citizens of the country enjoy. According to the

A Definition Of Tourism Tourism Essay

A Definition Of Tourism Tourism Essay Tourism can be defined as a temporary absence, inside or outside the country, of residence, away from home for reasons other than earning an income in the place visited (Burkhart Medlik, 1981 as cited in Lickorish Jenkins, 1997). Saayman (2008) defines tourism as the total experience that originates from the interaction between tourists, job providers, government systems and communities in the process of providing attractions, entertainment, transport and accommodation to tourists. Within the context of the above definitions, travelling outside the borders of the country of residence is termed international or external tourism whereas travelling within the borders is seen as domestic or internal tourism (Coltman, 1989). The tourism industry A definition of tourism by Jafari (1987) is mentioned which can be seen as a reference point when explaining the concept of touristhood. Jafari concludes: tourism is the study of man away from his usual habitat, of the touristic apparatus and networks, and of the ordinary and nonordinary worlds and their dialectic relationship. This definition emphasizes the difference between two different worlds and between two different environments; the ordinary and the nonordinary. The ordinary comprises the mundane, profane, daily life whose procession loses strength due to its own ordained, rhythmic course; while the nonordinary is the heightened position resulting from the departure from the ordinary ranks Tourism is now the largest industry in the world by virtually an economic measure, including gross output, value added, employment, capital investment and tax contributions (Wheatcroft,1994) Since travelling domestically and internationally has become easier due to ease of access, education and rising income, the past few decades have witnessed a considerable increase in the number of people leaving their place of residence, travelled specified distance and returning back home. In order to give them all the required facilities, or more precisely, services, products and amenities, miscellaneous organizations continue to exist. Leiper (1979) considers the tourist industry as consisting of all those firms, organizations and facilities which are intended to serve the specific needs and wants of tourists. Goeldner et al(2002)have developed an integrated system model to capture the essential elements of what they call the tourism phenomenon. In addition to the regular industry sectors of tourism, such as transport and accommodation, they included government and quasi- government agencies, the built environment, the natural environment and its resources, as well as activities such as reward and stewardship. Sectors and Sub-sectors of the Tourism Industry (source:G.K Shaw, 2010 -A risk management model for the tourism industry in South Africa) Visitors attraction -Natural -Manmade -Cultural -Social Transport -Airlines -Seatravel -Bus/coaches -Rail -Car rental Travel organizers -Travel agent -Tour operator -Tour broker -Sport/conference organiser Providers of accommodation -Hotels -Guesthouse -Bed breakfast establishments -Lodges Tourism industry Destination organization -governmental tourism organizations -private tourism organisations Commercial industrial -Souvenir shops -Tourist trade goods manufactures Support services -Tourist guides -Travel insurance -Travel trade press According to Australias new strategic plan, unlike many industry sectors, the tourism is unable to be defined simply as a group of businesses that produce particular, similar products. Rather, the tourism industry embraces a diverse range of providers and users of a variety of goods and services, and overlaps with other sector of the economy. It can simply be interpreted in the terms of demand and supply where demand involves the needs and expectations of tourists while supply involves the organizations delivering tourism products as well as services (Peter E Murphy and Ann E Murphy, 2006) As Jagmohan Negi (2004) rightly puts it: The tourist industry is difficult to define because it consists of all those trades which together satisfy the needs of travelers. Every expenditure made by tourists contributes to the prosperity and development of the travel industry. Although travel means going out only for a temporary period outside the local of ones residence, it involves a complete shake up in the equilibrium that one achieves between himself and the outside world, while living at one particular place for a long time. It involves a long chain of agencies to complete a visit worth its purpose. A tourist (holiday maker) spends his money the moment he leaves his home to go to his holiday. This paper would be focused on the private sector tourism as it deals with most of the shareholders which are in direct contact with the tourists and creation, as well as delivery of services/products; hotels, travel agencies, resorts, retailers and passenger carriers. The Private Sector of Tourism Hall (1992) suggests that the period of mid 1080s which witnessed many political events brought significant changes in the tourism industry. The WTO (1994) explains this idea where it states: As well as political change, the world has seen significant economic restructuring and general recession and downturns in traditionally strong economies. These changes have been marked by an increasing reluctance and/or inability of governments to invest in or support areas such as tourism and, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ This clarification was preceded by the arguments advanced by Lowyck and Wanhill (1992) Davidson (1993), and Harrison et al. (1993)on the economies divesting themselves of state owned assets to the private sector and on privatization which were for purposes of increasing efficiency and enhancing competitiveness by making greater use of markets for resource allocation. Many schools of thoughts argue that the private sector would be better implementer of tourism policies and can lay down long term plans that provide continuity amid situational changes. The private can implement policies while the government agencies can collaborate with one another and provide support (Robert Joseph, 2010 Cebu Daily News) In most countries, government involvement in tourism takes places to varying degrees at different levels as per a governments scope of powers, commitment to tourism management and available resources. All levels of government typically focus on the economic aspect of tourism and its main, dominant role in most destinations is a very strong focus on promotion (Peter.E Murphy and Ann E Murphy, 2006) Some countries do have a tourism industry operating on public-private leadership schemes but still the private sector plays a more active role in defining the direction of tourism. Tourism is all embracing; it involved the interaction of other components such as transportation, communication, accommodation and destination among others. Sectors cannot be singularly handled by the government as they constitute pillars of tourism development. Therefore, the private sector must, of necessity, be involved in the development and promotion of tourism in any country that intends to make tourism the mainstay of her economy. (Akpet, 2005) The private sector normally includes accommodation companies, travel companies, restaurants and bars, retailers and others which are not owned and regulated by the government. Most of the times, these companies have to abide by certain laws and regulations proposed by their constitution but they have got their own set of rules and principles, faction of practices, own and unique management style, profit margin and budgeting and criteria for leadership. Components of tourism private sector The composition of tourism private sector Primary trades/profit oriented organization Secondary trades/profit oriented organization Hotel industry Retail shops Food and beverage industry Financial institutions Transport industry Suppliers of goods and services for hoteliers, Tourist attraction caterers and transport undertakers figure 1: composition of private sector tourism (source: International tourism and travel, Jagmohan Negi, 2004) Primary trades According to Leonard JJ Lickorish and Carson LL Jenkins, the primary trade/profit motivated tourism organizations are interdependent to a certain degree and propose the following explanation: Transportation, accommodation and catering acting as the tourism hardware and tour operators/agents , tourist attractions and recreation activity fulfilling the role of software in so far as they usually provide the reason and catalyst for tourism to take place and for the use of the transport and accommodation. Secondary trades The secondary organizations offer facilities and services which are sometimes not offered by primary ones; example souvenir shops, entertainment and shopping, and insurance companies. On the other hand, Jenkins (1997) argues diversely by suggesting that there are three rather than two types of tourism private businesses. He puts it as follows: (1) the primary trades, which are most commonly associated with tourism (e.g., transport, tour companies, travel agencies, accommodations, catering facilities and attractions); (2) the secondary trades that help support tourism, though are not exclusive to tourism (e.g., retail shopping, banks and insurance, entertainment and leisure activities, personal services); and, (3) the tertiary trades, which provide the basic infrastructure and support for tourism (e.g., food and fuel, manufacturing). The inherent challenges accompanying the variable boundaries of what comprises the tourism industry are further exacerbated when the nature of the tourism product is also considered. Risks The formal Australian standard for Risk Management defines risk as the chance of something happening that will have an impact on objectives. It states that risk can either be positive or negative depending on situations. Andrew Minns (2003) refers to risk as the common combination of the probability (or likelihood) and consequences of an event (or outcome or result of exposure). He explains that this gives rise to the widely used concept of risk: Risk = Probability Consequence External and internal factors The risks facing an organisation and its operations can result from factors both external and internal to the organisation. The diagram overleaf summarises examples of key risks in these areas and shows that some specific risks can have both external and internal drivers and therefore overlap the two areas. They can be categorized further into types of risk such as strategic, financial, operational, hazard, etc. Types of risks According to the Cranfield School of Management, there are different types of risk any organization could face, but the categories of risks are not rigid as parts of business may fall into more than one category due to similar attributes.(Martin Christopher et al, 2011) Types of risks and factors affecting them (Source: The institute of Risk Management, 2002) preview005.png Strategic risk In an ACCA paper of 2008, it was stated that strategic risks are those that arise from the fundamental decision that directors take concerning an organizations objectives. Essentially, strategic risks are the risks of failing to achieve these business objectives.(Annon, 2008) Financial risk According to Marquis Codjia (2011), financial risk is a factor in all economic activities and may cause a firm to suffer losses from unfavorable price variation in securities or partner default. He rightly puts it as financial risk is the probability that a company may not have sufficient cash flows to operate, reimburse a loan or meet other financial commitment when they become due. Operational risk As David Tattam (2011) mentions in one of his publications, operational risk is defined as the risk of loss from failed or inadequate processes, people, systems or external events. He later argues that loss is not the only issue to be taken into consideration and redefines operational risk as the risk of loss or gain arising from people, systems or external events whicn can have the potential to cause the organization to deviate from its objectives. Jack L.King(1998) argues that there is a fundamental problem with operational risk as there is lack of consensus on its definition. As per his explanations, operational risk must be broken down into triggers(causes) and events. Briefly, loss or gain is triggered by an event and causes are the assignable or chance causes for the event. Assignable causes are attributable to factors that can be eliminated. In contrast, chance causes are natural or random. He therefore proposes another definition for operational risk as the uncertainty of loss in the book value of the firm or organization due to the failures in the manufacturing of the firms goods and services. Invention of operational risk In his second paper on risk management, Michael Power(2003) explains that operational risk pretty much inexistent before the 1990s. By the end of the decade, books were being published, conferences were being organized and apparently new roles such as operational risk manager were being created to the extent that there is talk of an operational risk profession. Risk management From the works of James E Roughton and Nathan Crutch Field(2008), it can be gathered that risk management is pre-emptive rather than reactive. This approach is based on the philosophy that it is irresponsible and wasteful to wait for an accident to happen, then figuring out how to prevent it from happening again. We manage risk whenever we modify the way we do something to make our chances of success as great as possible. It is a common sense approach to balancing the risks against the benefits to be gained in a situation and then choosing the most effective course of action. Baltzan , Philips and Hag (2009) describe risk management as a process of ongoing risk identification, analysis and developing responses to risk factors. Following the same concept, Kerzner (2001) argues that risk management is the art or practice of dealing with risk. He rightly puts it as: Risk management includes identifying, assessing and analyzing risk issues as well as planning for the occurrence of risk, and includes developing a management system to handle risks. This system should be designed to allow for monitoring of risk s to determine how they have changed. If not taken appropriate care of, the operational risk could have potential impacts on different aspect of an organization such as: The health and safety of employees and customers The business reputation, credibility and status Public and customer confidence Equipment and the environment (source: adapted from Queensland Tourism, 2009) In the tourism domain, risk management can be defined as the process whereby shareholders methodically address the risks attending to their activities with the goal of achieving sustained benefit with each activity and across the portfolio of all activities. It must be integrated into the culture of tourism private organization with an effective policy and programme led by the most senior management. It must translate the strategy into tactical and operational objectives assigning responsibility throughout the organization with each manager and employee responsible for the management of risk part of their job description. Operational risk management Operational risk management a simple six steps process which identifies operational hazards and takes reasonable measures to reduce risk to personnel, equipment and the mission. It is also a decision making tool that helps to systematically identify risks and benefits and determine the best courses of action for any given situation.(Anon,2000) Operational risk management process Step 1: Identify the hazard A hazard is defined as any real or potential condition that can cause degradation, injury, illness, death or damage to or loss of equipment or property. According to David Maccollum (2007), there are three different ways to methodically identify hazards. Hazard identification by area Hazards are grouped into common types and are identified by surveying all the different areas of an static site. This involves a precise process: Get an up to date plan of worksite. A precise picture of the work area must be provided Get a chart that shows the production process or work flow. The chart must be well explicit and updated for any changes. Divide the worksite into identifiable areas and number them. The physical layout of the working site can be divided according to certain dimensions and given a specific name code or number. Ask staff in all areas to list what they consider as potential hazards in their working environment and to give reasons why these hazards can harmful. Use existing resources and data to review information which can be gathered for example from regulations form, code of practices, booklets and records. Hazard identification by work analysis This method is preferable for small independent group of people who are under minimal supervision. Identify all the tasks people carry out. The employees are asked exactly how do they perform their tasks, their course of action and then the work process is broken down into smaller components for analysis. Work out the steps or stages involved in doing the task. The steps to perform the work are reviewed and possible hazards at each steps are noted and looked at. Using a list of possible hazards, to ask the employees what they consider could apply to each step identified and to write them down. Use existing resources such as guidelines, records of accidents and near misses not only from within the organization but from the industry as well to make sure of identifying all hazards. Use of information derived from task analysis to build up a profile of hazards and the occupations and tasks they apply to. A computer database can be used by giving specific codes to the hazards. (adapted from Occupational safety health service-A workbook, 1994) Hazard identification by process This approach is more thorough as it identifies the processes involved on a worksite and go through each process step by step to look for all hazards at each stage. Make inventory of all substances and materials used in the process List the process from where the material is delivered to the organization to where the finished goods are dispatched or services are offered. Draw up a flow chart detailing every step pf the process Use existing resources such as information booklets, records of accidents and near misses and reports from inspectors. Summerise the collected information (Adapted from Occupational safety health service-A workbook, 1994) Step 2: Assess the risk Risk assessment is actually the comparison of risk elements and their impacts against some acceptability criteria. Risk assessment sometimes involves consolidation of risks into risk sets that can be jointly mitigated, combined and then used in decision making. The assessment of risk is done by applying quantitative and qualitative measures to determine the level of risk associated with specific hazards.(Anon,2000) A risk assessment has three main functions -to consider the chance of harm actually befalling anyone in particular circumstances and the possible consequences -to make proper planning and take adequate preventive measures to control the risks -to shoulder responsibilities properly concerning identification and control of hazards Step 3: Analyse Risk Control Measures After identifying and assessing the hazards which need to be controlled, the next process is to select options or methods to take care of the hazard. The choice of an option is based on factors such as the potential severity of the harm posed by the hazard, the likelihood of injury or illness occurring and the cost of control measures. (Anon, 1994) Step 4: Make control decision The person with best decision abilities must be identified to choose the most appropriate control methods or set of strategies. It is important however to look at all options before making a decision, even though the identified hazard may already have some controls in place. Dale Stewart(2011) explains that these decisions must be made at the right time for maximum duration of effectiveness of the tools. The decision maker should be able to judge situations from required perspective and be responsible for consequences. Step 5: Implement Risk Controls Once control measure have been selected, an implementation strategy must be developed and carried out. For implementation to be successful, it should be clear, accountability should be established and support must be provided at all levels.(Dale Stewart, 2011) Step 6: Supervise and review It is very important to ensure that once hazard controls are put in place, regular checks must be carried out by designated persons to ensure their effectiveness and a feedback mechanism must be followed for future maintenance and utility maximization. (Dale Stewart, 2011) Maximize operational capabilityObjectives of operational risk management Conserve personnel resources Reduce or prevent increase or losses advance gain evaluate and minimize evaluate and maximize risks gain identify, control document identify, control document hazards opportunities Objectives Of Operational Risk Management (source  : FAA System Safety Handbook, Chapter 15: Operational Risk Management, 2000) Jurgen H.M Van Grinsen (2009) explains in his publication that the setting of operational risk management objectives affects or determines the choice of the methods and tools to be used. There are certain principles which need to be followed while implementing the operational risk management process and these are: Accept no unnecessary risk Make Risk Decisions at the Appropriate Level Accept Risk When Benefits Outweigh the Costs Integrate ORM into Planning at all Levels (source: adapted from FAA System Safety Handbook, Chapter 15: Operational Risk Management, 2000)

Wilkie Collins The Moonstone Essay -- Wilkie Collins Moonstone Essays

Wilkie Collins' The Moonstone Near the beginning of Wilkie Collins’s novel, The Moonstone, John Herncastle’s cousin explains, â€Å"The deity commanded that the Moonstone should be watched, from that time forth, by three priests in turn, night and day, to the end of the generations of men†¦ One age followed another—and still, generation after generation, the successors of the three Brahmins watched their priceless Moonstone, night and day† (2). As a result of remembering the past, and specifically their deity’s command, the Indian priests are bound by a circular, repetitive chain of events. In contrast, Rosanna Spearman and Franklin Blake, two non-Indian characters in the novel, are able to use their memory of the past to break the cycle of repetitive, unwanted events in their lives and effect desired changes. Each Indian priest’s self-concept never changes; he is simply an embodiment of his office or his societal role, and he lives solely to watch the Moonstone. The self-concepts of Rosanna and Franklin, however, do change over time. Through battling haunting effects of the past and fighting against negative self-concepts, Rosanna and Franklin additionally align themselves with a progressive notion of history as they battle against the cyclical notion that binds the Indian priests. The past has the power to corrupt or infect the lives of characters like Rosanna and Franklin, but when these characters confront and remember the past, they are freed from its ability to perpetuate a cyclical series of unlucky events. For example, Rosanna’s past as a thief causes Franklin to suspect her of having stolen the Moonstone as well. He says, â€Å"’Rosanna Spearman came to my aunt out of a reformatory? Rosanna Spearman had once b... ..., generation after generation, the successors of the three Brahmins watched their priceless Moonstone, night and day† (2). Even the end of the novel isn’t really an end to the repetition of events in India; Mr. Murthwaite writes, â€Å"So the years pass, and repeat each other; so the same events revolve in the cycles of time. What will be the next adventures of the Moonstone? Who can tell?† (466). In contrast, Rosanna Spearman and Franklin Blake, two non-Indian characters in the novel, are able to use their memory of the past to break the cycle of repetitive, unwanted events in their lives and effect desired changes. Through battling haunting effects of the past and fighting against negative self-concepts, Rosanna and Franklin additionally align themselves with a progressive notion of history as they battle against the cyclical notion that binds the Indian priests.